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Snowflake SnowPro Advanced: Data Scientist Certification 認定 DSA-C03 試験問題:

1. You are training a regression model to predict house prices using a Snowflake dataset. The dataset contains various features, including 'number of_bedrooms', , and You want to use time-based partitioning for your training, validation, and holdout sets. However, you also need to ensure that the dataset is properly shuffled within each time partition to mitigate potential bias introduced by the order of data entry. Which of the following strategies is MOST EFFECTIVE and EFFICIENT for partitioning your data into train, validation, and holdout sets in Snowflake, while also ensuring random shuffling within each partition, and addressing potential data leakage issues?

A) Use Snowflake's SAMPLE clause with a 'REPEATABLE seed for each split (train, validation, holdout), filtering by 'sale_date'. Add an 'ORDER BY RANDOM()' clause within each 'SAMPLE query to shuffle the data within each split. This approach does not guarantee non-overlapping sets and can introduce sampling bias.
B) Create separate views for train, validation, and holdout sets, filtering by 'sale_date' . Shuffle the entire dataset using 'ORDER BY RANDOM()' before creating the views to ensure randomness across all sets. This does not address shuffling within parition.
C) Create a new column 'split_group' using a CASE statement based on 'sale_date' to assign each row to 'train', 'validation', or 'holdout'. Then, create temporary tables for each split using 'CREATE TABLE AS SELECT FROM WHERE split_group = ORDER BY RANDOM()'. This can be very slow because of global RANDOM sort and leakage issues with using full dataset for randomness.
D) Create a new column 'split_group' using a CASE statement based on 'sale_date' to assign each row to 'train', 'validation', or 'holdout'. Calculate a random number within each 'split_group' by using OVER (PARTITION BY split_group ORDER BY RANDOM())'. Then create temporary tables for each split using 'CREATE TABLE AS SELECT FROM WHERE split_group = QUALIFY ROW NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY RANDOM()) (SELECT COUNT( ) FROM transactions WHERE split_group -- ...) (respective split percentage);'
E) Create a user-defined function (UDF) in Python that takes a 'sale_date' as input and returns either 'train', 'validation', or 'holdout' based on pre-defined date ranges. Apply this UDF to each row, creating a 'split_group' column. Then, create temporary tables for each split using 'CREATE TABLE AS SELECT ... FROM . WHERE split_group = ... ORDER BY RANDOM()'. UDF overhead and global RANDOM sort make it very slow.

2. You are developing a Python UDTF in Snowflake to perform time series forecasting. You need to incorporate data from an external REST API as part of your feature engineering process within the UDTF. However, you are encountering intermittent network connectivity issues that cause the UDTF to fail. You want to implement a robust error handling mechanism to gracefully handle these network errors and ensure that the UDTF continues to function, albeit with potentially less accurate forecasts when external data is unavailable. Which of the following approaches is the MOST appropriate and effective for handling these network errors within your Python UDTF?

A) Configure Snowflake's network policies to allow outbound network access from the UDTF to the specific REST API endpoint. This will eliminate the network connectivity issues and prevent the UDTF from failing.
B) Use a combination of retry mechanisms (like the tenacity library) with exponential backoff around the API call. If the retry fails after a predefined number of attempts, then return pre-computed data or use a simplified model as the UDTF's output.
C) Before making the API call, check the network connectivity using the 'ping' command. If the ping fails, skip the API call and return a default forecast value. This prevents the UDTF from attempting to connect to an unavailable endpoint.
D) Implement a global exception handler within the UDTF that catches all exceptions, logs the error message to a Snowflake table, and returns a default forecast value when a network error occurs. Ensure the error logging table exists and has sufficient write permissions for the UDTF.
E) Use the 'try...except' block specifically around the code that makes the API call. Within the 'except block, catch specific network-related exceptions (e.g., requests.exceptions.RequestException', 'socket.timeout'). Log the error to a Snowflake stage using the 'logging' module and retry the API call a limited number of times with exponential backoff.

3. You are building a fraud detection model for an e-commerce platform. One of the features is 'purchase_amount', which ranges from $1 to $10,000. The data has a skewed distribution with many small purchases and a few very large ones. You need to normalize this feature for your model, which uses gradient descent. Which normalization technique(s) would be most suitable in Snowflake, considering the data characteristics and the need to handle potential future outliers?

A) Power Transformer (e.g., Yeo-Johnson) implemented with Snowpark Python:

B) Unit Vector normalization (L2 Normalization) using SQL:

C) Z-score standardization using the following SQL:

D) Min-Max scaling using the following SQL:

E) Robust scaling using interquartile range (IQR) in a stored procedure with Python:

4. You are tasked with building a model to predict customer churn. You have a table named in Snowflake with the following relevant columns: 'customer_id', 'login_date', , 'orders_placed', , and 'churned' (binary indicator). You want to engineer features that capture customer engagement over time using Snowpark for Python. Which of the following feature engineering steps, applied sequentially, are MOST effective in creating features indicative of churn risk?

A) 1. Calculate the average 'page_views' per day for each customer. 2. Calculate the total number of for each customer. 3. Create a feature indicating whether the customer has a premium subscription ('subscription_type' = 'premium').
B) 1. Calculate the average 'page_views' per week for each customer over the last 3 months using a window function. 2. Calculate the recency of the last order (days since last order) for each customer. 3. Create a feature indicating the change in average daily page views over the last month compared to the previous month. 4. Create a feature showing standard deviation of page_views per customer over the last 90 days.
C) 1. Calculate the number of days since the customer's last login, and use nulls instead of negative numbers to indicate inactivity. 2. Calculate the rolling 7-day average of 'orders_placed' using a window function, partitioning by 'customer_id' and ordering by 'login_date'. 3. Calculate the slope of a linear regression of page_views' over time for each customer, indicating the trend in engagement using Snowpark ML. 4. Calculate the percentage of weeks the customer logged in. 5. Create a feature showing standard deviation of page_views per customer over the last 90 days.
D) 1. Calculate the total 'page_views' and 'orders_placed' for each customer without considering time. 2. Use one-hot encoding for the 'subscription_type' column.
E) 1. Calculate the maximum 'page_views' in a single day for each customer. 2. Calculate the total number of days with no 'login_date' for each customer. 3. Create a feature indicating if a customer has ever placed an order. 4. Use a simple boolean for the 'subscription_type' column.

5. You have trained a machine learning model in Snowflake using Snowpark Python to predict customer churn. You want to deploy this model as a Snowflake User-Defined Function (UDF) for real-time scoring of new customer data arriving in a stream. The model uses several external Python libraries not available by default in the Anaconda channel. Which sequence of steps is the MOST efficient and correct way to deploy the model within Snowflake to ensure all dependencies are met?

A) Create a Snowflake stage, upload the model file and all dependency .py' files. Create the UDF using 'CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION' statement, referencing the stage and specifying the 'imports parameter with all the file names. Snowflake will interpret all .py' files as module for UDF execution.
B) Create a virtual environment locally with all required dependencies installed. Package the entire virtual environment into a zip file. Upload the zip file to a Snowflake stage. Create the UDF using 'CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION' statement, referencing the stage and specifying the zip file in the 'imports' parameter. Snowflake will automatically extract the zip and use the virtual environment during UDF execution.
C) Create a Snowflake stage and upload the model file. Create a conda environment file ('environment.yml') specifying the dependencies. Upload the environment.yml file to the stage. Create the UDF using 'CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION' statement, referencing the stage and the environment.yml file in the 'imports' and 'packages' parameters, respectively. Snowflake will create a conda environment based on the environment.yml file during UDF execution.
D) Package the model file and all dependencies into a single Python wheel file. Upload this wheel file to a Snowflake stage. Create the UDF using 'CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION' statement, referencing the stage and specifying the wheel file in the 'imports' parameter. Snowflake will automatically install the wheel during UDF execution.
E) Create a Snowflake stage, upload the model file and a 'requirements.txt' file listing the dependencies. Create the UDF using 'CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION' statement, referencing the stage and specifying the 'imports' parameter with the model file and requirements.txt. Snowflake will automatically install the dependencies from the 'requirements.txt' file during UDF execution.

質問と回答：